Laborabklärung der Medikamentenallergie: Grenzen und Möglichkeiten.
Authors of this article are:
Müller N, Fachruddin T, Hausmann O.
A summary of the article is shown below:
in English, GermanZusammenfassung. Die Diagnose der Medikamentenallergie beruht im Wesentlichen auf einer detaillierten Anamnese unter Einbezug der erstbehandelnden Ärzte und der Hauttestung (Prick-, Intradermal- und Epikutan- / Patch-Teste). In der allergologischen Praxis / Klinik werden Provokationsteste mit dem vermutlichen Auslöser nur bei sehr klarer Indikation durchgeführt (siehe Beiträge in diesem Themenheft zu Medikamentenallergie beim Kind, zur Betalaktam-Antibiotika und anderen Antibiotikaallergien sowie zur Analgetikaintoleranz). Die Provokation mit einer wahrscheinlich verträglichen Alternative steht im Vordergrund. Leider haben die Hautteste bei gewissen Medikamentengruppen auch unter optimalen Bedingungen eine niedrige Sensitivität bei allerdings sehr guter Spezifität. Dem entsprechend sind positive Hautteste zumeist relevant, negative Hautteste können eine Allergie jedoch nicht sicher ausschliessen. In den letzten Jahren hat es sich daher bewährt, in der Abklärung der Medikamentenallergie auch ergänzende Laboruntersuchungen durchzuführen. Die serologischen Teste (IgE) haben sich dabei leider als wenig hilfreich erwiesen. Hingegen haben die auf der Analyse von Leukozyten beruhenden Testformen (Basophilen Aktivierungstest, BAT, und Lymphozytentransformationstest, LTT) an Bedeutung gewonnen und ergänzen das diagnostische Repertoire. In der Kombination aller Testmethoden (Hauttest, LTT, BAT, ev. Provokationstest) kann der Auslöser einer Medikamentenallergie in gut 70 % der Fälle definiert und zumeist auch eine sichere therapeutische Alternative gefunden werden. Im Folgenden wollen wir auf die Bedeutung der Labordiagnostik in der Medikamentenallergie eingehen.The diagnosis of drug allergy is essentially based on a detailed anamnesis, involving the doctors who first treated the patient, and skin testing (prick, intradermal and epicutaneous / patch tests). In the allergological practice / clinic, provocation tests with the presumed trigger are only carried out if the indication is very clear (see articles in this issue on drug allergy children, allergies to betalactam and other antibiotics as well as analgesic intolerance). The provocation with a probably tolerable alternative is in the foreground. Unfortunately, the skin tests of certain drug groups have a low sensitivity even under optimal conditions, but very good specificity. Accordingly, positive skin tests are mostly relevant, but negative skin tests cannot rule out an allergy. In recent years, it has therefore proved successful to carry out supplementary laboratory tests in the clarification of drug allergies. The serological tests (IgE) are of little help. In contrast, the test forms based on the analysis of leukocytes (basophil activation test, BAT, and lymphocyte transformation test, LTT) have gained in importance and complement the diagnostic repertoire. In the combination of all test methods (skin test, LTT, BAT, sometimes provocation test) the trigger of a drug allergy can be defined in a good 70 % of cases and in most cases a safe therapeutic alternative can be found. In the following, we will discuss the importance of laboratory diagnostics in drug allergy.
Check out the article’s website on Pubmed for more information:
[link-preview url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31282835 forceshot=true]
This article is a good source of information and a good way to become familiar with topics such as: Anti-Bacterial Agents;Child;Humans;Lymphocyte Activation;beta-Lactams.
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